Ranging and Localization in Wireless Sensor Network
Liu Gang, Zhou Xingshe, Ma Junyan, Wang Gang
Abstract: A wireless sensor network integrates sensor, MEMS and communication networks. More and more academic researchers and insiders are engaged in developing wireless sensor networks due to their bright future with various applications. In this paper, range-based localization is discussed in detail and our acoustic-based ranging approach is presented, then the algorithm performance and some conclusions are provided.
l 外界環(huán)境對(duì)于測(cè)距的影響較大,尤其是外界噪聲和蜂鳴器發(fā)出的聲音的回聲;
l 當(dāng)測(cè)距較遠(yuǎn)時(shí),如果是在室內(nèi)回音對(duì)于測(cè)距結(jié)果影響很大,即使采用最小值濾波法也不會(huì)得到穩(wěn)定的值。為了消除回音的影響,應(yīng)該將蜂鳴器的發(fā)聲時(shí)間間隔取小,兩次發(fā)聲之間的時(shí)間間隔取大,從而消除室內(nèi)回音影響,在采用上述方法消除回音的影響之后,在長(zhǎng)距離的測(cè)量中得到穩(wěn)定而正確的數(shù)據(jù);
l 對(duì)于距離的分辨率,可以通過(guò)改變Listener計(jì)時(shí)器觸發(fā)的時(shí)間間隔來(lái)控制,也就是 call Timer.start2(TIMER_REPEAT,10),將第二個(gè)參數(shù)的數(shù)值變小可以提高,但不能變得太小,太小的話會(huì)使其負(fù)載增大,反而使測(cè)量結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確。另外由于麥克風(fēng)不夠靈敏的原因?qū)⑵渲翟O(shè)置得太小對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果影響不大。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明10厘米的分辨率是一個(gè)比較好的取值,而且國(guó)外大部分采用聲音測(cè)距的誤差也是10厘米,由于硬件本身的因素,誤差無(wú)法進(jìn)一步減小;
l 該方法的定位時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng),不如信號(hào)強(qiáng)度定位好,適用于節(jié)點(diǎn)間相對(duì)位置較為穩(wěn)定或者變化速度不是很快的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)中的定位。
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